THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MOBILE LEARNING APPS IN PLANT ANATOMY INSTRUCTION
Abstract
This study examines the effectiveness of mobile learning applications in teaching plant anatomy to undergraduate students. As educational technology evolves, mobile apps offer new opportunities for interactive and flexible learning. The research compares student outcomes between two groups: one using a mobile learning app and the other receiving traditional instruction. Using a quasi-experimental method, data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and student questionnaires. The findings show that students using mobile apps achieved significantly higher post-test scores and demonstrated better engagement and motivation. The visual and interactive features of the apps helped learners grasp complex anatomical structures more effectively. Despite some technical challenges, such as limited device compatibility, the study concludes that mobile learning apps are a promising tool to enhance plant anatomy instruction. Integration of such tools into the curriculum is recommended to support active and autonomous learning.
References
Abimbade, O., Bello, L. K., & Esobi, I. (2020). Designing a Framework for Training Teachers on Mobile Learning in Sub-Sahara Africa. Journal of Education and Practice. https://doi.org/10.7176/jep/11-32-07
Aebersold, M., Voepel‐Lewis, T., Cherara, L., Weber, M., Khouri, C., Levine, R., & Tait, A. R. (2017). Interactive Anatomy-Augmented Virtual Simulation Training. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 15, 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2017.09.008
Al-Dokhny, A. A., & Drwish, A. M. (2021). Effectiveness of Augmented Reality in Online Distance Learning at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 16(9), 198. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i09.17895
Al-Modwahi, A. A. M., Kaisara, O., Parkizkar, B., & Lashkari, A. H. (2013). Mobile-based biology edutainment application for secondary schools. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE, 8768. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2011320
Alrefaai, I. (2019). Exploring EFL Graduate Students’ Attitudes toward, and Use of, Mobile Phones in Language Learning. Arab World English Journal, 1, 70. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/efl1.6
Alzubi, K. A. A. (2021). Explored Jordanian Math Teacher’s Practices, and Belief Change in implementing mobile applications in education. AL-TA LIM, 28(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v28i1.672
Arulanand, N., Babu, A. R., & Rajesh, P. K. (2020). Enriched Learning Experience using Augmented Reality Framework in Engineering Education. Procedia Computer Science, 172, 937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.135
Asiri, H., & Househ, M. (2017). The Use of Mobile Technologies in Nursing Education and Practice. In Elsevier eBooks (p. 421). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-805362-1.00020-6
Bernacki, M. L., Greene, J. A., & Crompton, H. (2019). Mobile technology, learning, and achievement: Advances in understanding and measuring the role of mobile technology in education. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101827
Bhoir, S., & Patil, S. (2021). ICT-based Learner-Centric Evolutionary Learning Model: An effective solution to Teaching-Learning process. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 1074(1), 12028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1074/1/012028
Bourekkache, S., & Kazar, O. (2020). Mobile and Adaptive Learning Application for English Language Learning. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education, 16(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2020040103
Caballé, S., Xhafa, F., & Barolli, L. (2010). Using Mobile Devices to Support Online Collaborative Learning. Mobile Information Systems, 6(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/935169
Cabrera-Solano, P., Quinonez-Beltran, A., Gonzalez-Torres, P., Ochoa-Cueva, C., & Castillo-Cuesta, L. (2020). Enhancing EFL Students’ Active Learning by Using ‘Formative’ on Mobile Devices. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(13), 252. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i13.13975
Cahyana, U., Fitriani, E., Rianti, R., & Fauziyah, S. (2018). Analysis of critical thinking skills in chemistry learning by using mobile learning for level x. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 434, 12086. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/434/1/012086
Chang, Y.-S., Chen, C.-N., & Liao, C.-L. (2020). Enhancing English-Learning Performance through a Simulation Classroom for EFL Students Using Augmented Reality—A Junior High School Case Study. Applied Sciences, 10(21), 7854. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217854
Demir, B. T., Eşme, S., Patat, D., & Bilecenoğlu, B. (2023). The Effect of Mobile Applied Anatomy Learning on Students’ Academic Success, Cognitive Loads, and Attitudes. Medical Science Educator, 33(3), 711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-023-01787-y
Designing for Mobile Learning. (2017). In Emerald Publishing Limited eBooks (p. 261). https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-182-720171011
Drigas, A., & Angelidakis, P. (2017). Mobile Applications within Education: An Overview of Application Paradigms in Specific Categories. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 11(4), 17. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i4.6589
Drigas, A., & Pappas, M. A. (2015). A Review of Mobile Learning Applications for Mathematics [Review of A Review of Mobile Learning Applications for Mathematics]. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 9(3), 18. kassel university press. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v9i3.4420
Elaish, M. M., & Shuib, L. (2019). Mobile Learning for English Language Learning Assessment and Evaluation: A Review [Review of Mobile Learning for English Language Learning Assessment and Evaluation: A Review]. bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1101/512186
Erwinsah, R., Aria, M., & Yusup, Y. (2019). Application of augmented reality technology in biological learning. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1402(6), 66090. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1402/6/066090
Faradisa, L. H., Afrila, I. Y., Faroh, I. N., & Choirunnisa, G. (2022). The use of Duolingo to Assist EFL Students of Prof. KH. Saifuddin Zuhri State Islamic University in Learning Vocabulary. Conference on English Language Teaching, 2, 14. https://doi.org/10.24090/celti.v2.29
Finch, K. S., Kala, S. M., & Sathya, V. (2021). The Review of Mobile Applications and Wireless Technologies in Sustaining K-12 Schools during COVID-19. ICST Transactions on Mobile Communications and Applications, 6(18), 168509. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.29-1-2021.168509
Flores-Bascuñana, M., Diago, P. D., Taranilla, R. V., & Yáñez, D. F. (2019). On Augmented Reality for the Learning of 3D-Geometric Contents: A Preliminary Exploratory Study with 6-Grade Primary Students. Education Sciences, 10(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10010004
Fu, Q.-K. (2018). Impacts of mobile technologies, systems and resources on language learning: A systematic review of selected journal publications from 2007-2016 [Review of Impacts of mobile technologies, systems and resources on language learning: A systematic review of selected journal publications from 2007-2016]. Knowledge Management & E-Learning An International Journal, 375. Hong Kong Bao Long Accounting & Secretarial Limited. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2018.10.023
Galustyan, O. V., Smetannikov, A. P., Kolbaya, I. G., Palchikova, G. S., Galigorov, D. V., & Mazkina, O. B. (2020). Application of Mobile Technologies for the Formation of Analytical Competence of Future Specialists. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 14(2), 242. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i02.11658
García‐Martínez, I., Fernández‐Batanero, J. M., Sanchíz, D. C., & Rosa, A. L. de la. (2019). Using Mobile Devices for Improving Learning Outcomes and Teachers’ Professionalization. Sustainability, 11(24), 6917. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11246917
Göksu, İ., & Atıcı, B. (2013). Need for Mobile Learning: Technologies and Opportunities. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.388
Gómez, S., Zervas, P., Sampson, D. G., & Fabregat, R. (2013). Context-aware adaptive and personalized mobile learning delivery supported by UoLmP. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 26(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2013.10.008
Hakim, L. L. (2019). The effect of mobile learning in higher education mathematics. International Journal of Higher Education and Sustainability, 2(3), 216. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhes.2019.10023509
Hernawati, K. H. K., & Jailani, J. (2019). Mathematics mobile learning with TPACK framework. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1321(2), 22126. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1321/2/022126
Kabudi, T., Pappas, I. O., & Olsen, D. H. (2021). AI-enabled adaptive learning systems: A systematic mapping of the literature. Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100017
Kalloo, V., & Mohan, P. (2011). An Investigation Into Mobile Learning for High School Mathematics. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 3(3), 59. https://doi.org/10.4018/jmbl.2011070105
Kattayat, S., Josey, S., & J.V, A. (2017). Mobile Learning Apps in Instruction And Students Achievement. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 11(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i1.6420
Klímová, B. (2019). Impact of Mobile Learning on Students’ Achievement Results. Education Sciences, 9(2), 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020090
Krivoruchko, V. A., Raissova, A., Makarikhina, I., Yergazinova, G. D., & Kazhmuratova, B. R. (2015). Mobile-Assisted Learning as a Condition for Effective Development of Engineering Students’ Foreign Language Competence. International Education Studies, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n7p158
Kukulska‐Hulme, A. (2009). Will mobile learning change language learning? ReCALL, 21(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0958344009000202
Kukulska‐Hulme, A. (2020). Mobile‐Assisted Language Learning. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics (p. 1). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0768.pub2
Kularbphettong, K., Vichivanives, R., & Roonrakwit, P. (2019). Student Learning Achievement through Augmented Reality in Science Subjects. 228. https://doi.org/10.1145/3369255.3369282
Kusumastuti, D. L., Tjhin, V. U., & Soraya, K. (2017). The Role of Mobile Devices to Improve Student Learning Motivation on Distance Learning. 325. https://doi.org/10.1145/3176653.3176729
Lee, C. B., Hanham, J., Kannangara, K., & Qi, J. (2021). Exploring user experience of digital pen and tablet technology for learning chemistry: applying an activity theory lens. Heliyon, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06020
Liu, K. (2020). The Trend of Mobile-assisted Language Learning from 2014 to 2018. DEStech Transactions on Social Science Education and Human Science. https://doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ecemi2020/34701
Liu, T., Lu, S., Wang, M., Wang, H., & Zhao, Z. (2024). Type of the Paper: Article. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4950065
Muhammad Yassir, Asnah (2018). Pemanfaatan Jenis Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Di Desa Batu Hamparan Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara. Jurnal Biotik, Volume. 6 No.1. Hal. 17-34 Penerbit Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Ar-Raniry diakses https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/biotik/article/view/4039/2638
Muhammad Yassir, Meliyana (2019). Jenis Tanaman Obat Di Kecamatan Semadam Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara. ) Jurnal Serambi Saintia Jurnal Sains Dan Aplikasi Volume VII, No.1: 6-12 Penerbit Universitas Serambi mekkah, Diakses https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/1003865
Muhammad Yassir, Rika Aswarita, Seri Minta (2020). Penerapan Metode Resitasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Biologi Pada Materi Struktur Jaringan Organ Tumbuhan Kelas Viii Smp Negeri 1 Lawe Bulan Kutacane Tahun Ajaran 2018. Jurnal Serambi Konstruktivis, Volume 2, No 3, Penerbit Universitas serambi mekkah, Diakses https://ojs.serambimekkah.ac.id/Konstruktivis/article/view/2280
Muhammad Yassir, Suriani Siregar, Rika Aswarita (2021). Thickening of Rubber Sap (Hevea brasilliensis) Through the Utilization of Natural Ingredients Noni Fruit Extract (Morinda citrifolia L.)(Students Field Practice of Human and Environmental Subject). Jurnal serambi ilmu, Volume 22 No 2. Penerbit FKIP Universitas Serambi Mekkah Diakses http://www.ojs.serambimekkah.ac.id/serambi-ilmu/article/view/3339
Muhammad Yassir, Suryani (2021). Media Audio Visual Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Dan Respon Siswa Pada Konsep Fotosintesis Kelas VIII Di MTSN Lawe Sigala-Gala, Kecamatan Deleng Pokhkisen Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara, Jurnal Ilmiah Tentang Informatika, Pendidikan dan Manajemen. Volume 3 No 2, Penerbit STMIK Indonesia Banda Aceh diakses di akses https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/author/view/2448034
Nauko, Y. S., & Amali, L. N. (2021). Pengenalan Anatomi Tubuh Menggunakan Teknologi Augmented Reality Berbasis Android. Jambura Journal of Informatics, 3(2), 66. https://doi.org/10.37905/jji.v3i2.11720
Nuanmeesri, S. (2019). Extended Study of Undergraduate Students’ Usage of Mobile Application for Individual Differentiation Learning Support of Lecture-based General Education Subjects. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 13(9), 99. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i09.10558
Nurhasanah, S., Abdurrahman, A., Andra, D., & Herlina, K. (2021). Augmented Reality (AR) in Physics Learning: Opportunities to Improve Teacher and Student Interaction in Online Learning. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 4(2), 145. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v4i2.8486
Nursafiah, Rika Aswarita, Muhammad Yassir, Rima Melati (2020). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Pbl (Problem Based Learning) Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa Pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan Kelas X Sma Negeri 1 Kutacane. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia,Volume 5, No 1. Penerbit Fakultas keguruan dan ilmu pendidikan universitas sumatera utara, Diakses https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/Bahastra/article/view/5584
Oloo, G. J., & Robert, C. (2020). Exploring the Use of an Android based C/C++ Compiler in the Learning of a Programming Course by University Students. International Journal of Computer Applications, 175(22), 43. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2020920752
Parlakkılıç, A. (2019). Responsive Mobile Learning (M-Learning) Application Design And Architecture In Fog Computing. International Journal of Modern Education Studies, 3(2), 82. https://doi.org/10.51383/ijonmes.2019.40
Parsons, D., & MacCallum, K. (2021). Current Perspectives on Augmented Reality in Medical Education: Applications, Affordances and Limitations [Review of Current Perspectives on Augmented Reality in Medical Education: Applications, Affordances and Limitations]. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 77. Dove Medical Press. https://doi.org/10.2147/amep.s249891
Persson, V., & Nouri, J. (2018). A Systematic Review of Second Language Learning with Mobile Technologies [Review of A Systematic Review of Second Language Learning with Mobile Technologies]. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 13(2), 188. kassel university press. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i02.8094
Punithavathi, P., & Geetha, S. (2020). Disruptive smart mobile pedagogies for engineering education. Procedia Computer Science, 172, 784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.112
Purnomo, A., Kurniawan, B., & Adi, K. R. (2020). Expanding Learning Environment through Mobile Learning. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(7), 123. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i07.13215
Qazi, A. G., & Mtenzi, F. (2023). The Conceptual Framing, Design, and Development of Mobile-Mediated Professional Development for Primary Mathematics Teachers. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 15(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.319022
Quintero, J., Baldiris, S., García, R. R., Cerón, J., & Vélez, G. (2019). Augmented Reality in Educational Inclusion. A Systematic Review on the Last Decade [Review of Augmented Reality in Educational Inclusion. A Systematic Review on the Last Decade]. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. Frontiers Media. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01835
Rahmanu, I. W. D. E., Laksana, I. P. Y., Adnyana, I. B. A., Sutarma, I. G. P., Somawati, N. P., & Nugroho, I. M. R. A. (2022). Potential of spherical virtual-based video reality (SVVR) through smartphone in learning Indonesian in the vocational education system. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, 6(2), 188. https://doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v6i2.643
Shuib, L., Band, S. S., & Ismail, M. H. (2015). A review of mobile pervasive learning: Applications and issues [Review of A review of mobile pervasive learning: Applications and issues]. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 239. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.002
Shukla, A., & Pandey, K. (2020). Endorsement of Individualized Instruction and Learning Performance through Mobile-Based Learning Management. In IntechOpen eBooks. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88152
Sophonhiranrak, S. (2021). Features, barriers, and influencing factors of mobile learning in higher education: A systematic review [Review of Features, barriers, and influencing factors of mobile learning in higher education: A systematic review]. Heliyon, 7(4). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06696
Stalheim, O. R., & Somby, H. M. (2024). An embodied perspective on an augmented reality game in school: pupil’s bodily experience toward learning. Smart Learning Environments, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00308-7
Storch, S. L., & Juarez-Paz, A. V. O. (2018). Efficacy of Cell Phones Within Instructional Design. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 11(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.2019010102
Supandi, S., Ariyanto, L., Kusumaningsih, W., & Aini, A. N. (2018). Mobile phone application for mathematics learning. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 983, 12106. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/983/1/012106
Susilo, A., Hardyanto, W., Martuti, N. K. T., & Purwinarko, A. (2021). Mobile learning development using augmented reality as a biology learning media. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1918(4), 42013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1918/4/042013
Tai, Y., & Ting, Y.-L. (2011). Adoption of mobile technology for language learning: Teacher attitudes and challenges. The JALT CALL Journal, 7(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.29140/jaltcall.v7n1.105
Torres, J. A. E.-D. (2021). Assessment on LSPU-SPCC Students’ Readiness towards M-learning. International Journal of Managing Information Technology, 13(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijmit.2021.13401
Truong, D. (2014). How To Design a Mobile Application to Enhance Teaching and Learning? International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 9(3), 4. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v9i3.3507
Usita, M. M., & Rosario, R. D. (2022). Technopreneurship Mobile Application (TMA): A Support Mechanism for Flexible Learning Delivery System. International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education, 11(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijite.2022.11105
Yaniawati, P., Supianti, I. I., Fisher, D., & Saadah, N. (2021). Development and effectiveness of mobile learning teaching materials to increase students’ creative thinking skills. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1918(4), 42081. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1918/4/042081
Yassir, Muhammaad., Meliyana. 2019. Jenis Tanaman Obat di Kecamatan Semadam Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara. Jurnal Sains dan Aplikasi. Vol. VII No.1: 6-12
Yassir, Muhammad., Asnah. Jenis Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Di Desa Batu Hamparan Kecamatan Lawe Alas Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biotik 2017. ISBN: 978-602-60401-3-8
Yassir, Muhammad., dkk. 2024. Types of madicinal. Plants found in kute titi pasir, semadam district, southeast aceh regency. Jurnal pembelajaran biologi. Vol. 11 No. 1: 54-61
Yassir, Muhammad., Hartono. (2023). Inventarisasi Tanaman Dan Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Bahan Pangan Di Desa Lawe Loning Sepakat Kecamatan Lawe Sigala-Gala Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara. Jurnal Edunomika. Vol. 07 No 1 : 1-9
Yu, Z. (2022). The effects of the superstar learning system on learning interest, attitudes, and academic achievements. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 82(12), 17947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-14217-9